Introduction to nomenclature, principles, and scope of environmental toxicology. The fate and effects of both organic and inorganic toxicants in the environment, in animals, and in various test systems

• The relationship of population growth and energy demand to toxicological issues
• The scope and nature of studies that fall under the umbrella of environmental toxicology
• Fundamental toxicological concepts, such as dose-response, pharmacokinetics (i.e., absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination), and the presentation and interpretation of toxicity data (e.g., effective dose, lethal dose, lethal concentration, margin of safety, etc.)
• Phase I and II reactions, enzyme cofactors, and in vivo vs. in vitro reactions
• Toxicokinetic models for one and two compartment systems
• The basis and effects of carcinogenesis
• Short-term and chronic tests (e.g., rodents, fish, daphnia, Microtox, Ames, chromosome aberration, etc.) commonly used to assay toxicity
• The approach and methods used to evaluate the health of a stream
• Toxic effects in large animals due to contaminated air, water and food

• Gregory D. Boardman